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Studies have shown that all proposed transmutation processes to treat RNW using neutron reactions are deficient or marginal at best from the point of view of energy consumption and/or cost. Most transmutation studies have examined the feasibility of using neutron-induced reactions where the neutrons would be provided by accelerator-based spallation neutron sources, tokamak fusion reactors, sub-critical fission reactors and other novel concepts. Transmutation of both RNW components using neutrons has been discussed and studied over the past four decades. One approach to the RNW storage problem has been to transmute the radioactive elements into other radioactive isotopes with much shorter half-lives. Volume II contains the following chapters: (1) materials technology, (2) thermal and hydraulic design, (3) reactor support systems and balance of plant, (4) environmental and safety considerations, (5) scoping estimates of system cost, and (6) development = years and (2) the broad class of fission fragments with typical half lives of a few hundred years. This index relates hazard potential from the waste to that of the naturally occurring parent uranium ore from which the wastes were produced. A principal result of the study has been the development of a revised criterion for assessing long term radiotoxic hazard potential from the actinides. These residual actinides are the only fissionable material contained in the fast helium cooled blanket lattice and provide sufficient neutron multiplication to give neutron fluxes in the range of 10/sup 15/ n/cm/sup 2/-sec. The blanket is fueled with residual actinides contained in the high level waste from the LWR-U cycle. Based on mid-to-late 1980's technology, this reactor provides a fusion neutron wall loading of approximately 1 MW/m/sup 2/ corresponding to approximately 10/sup 14/ n/cm/sup 2/-sec in the 14 MeV energy range.
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The principal characteristics of a beam driven tokamak fusion-fission hybrid reactor for actinide depletion have been developed in this design study.